Social work education is all about equipping students with skills to deliver interventions, programs, services, administrative practices, and policies. Without specification, interventions cannot be taught. Such specification of interventions is essential to two professional responsibilities: professional education and demonstrating the effectiveness of the field’s interventions. Thus, in a series of papers, Rosen and I advocated that social work interventions be specified, clearly labeled, and operationally defined, measured, and tested. We recognized that gross descriptions of interventions obstruct professional training, preclude fidelity assessment, and prevent accurate tests of effectiveness. Moreover, interventions were not named, nor were their components clearly identified. Social work interventions were rarely specified beyond theoretical orientation or level of focus: casework (or direct practice) group work and macro practice, which included community, agency-level, and policy-focused practice. At that time, process and outcomes were jumbled and intertwined concepts. The first paper I coauthored with Aaron Rosen-“Specifying the Treatment Process: The Basis for Effectiveness Research” ( Rosen & Proctor, 1978)-provided a framework for evaluating intervention effectiveness. What Interventions and Services Are Most Effective?Īnswering the question “What services are effective?” requires rigorous testing of clearly specified interventions. My work seeks to improve the quality of social work practice by pursuing answers to three questions: In the words of the American Academy of Social Work and Social Welfare (AASWSW n.d.), social work seeks to “champion social progress powered by science.” The research community needs to support practice through innovative and rigorous science that advances the evidence for interventions to address social work’s grand challenges. Social work’s future, its very survival, depends on our ability to deliver services with a solid base of evidence and to document their effectiveness. Policy and regulatory requirements increasingly demand that social work deliver and document the effectiveness of highest quality interventions and restrict reimbursement to those services that are documented as evidence based. Moreover, social work confronts these challenges as it is ethically bound to deliver high-quality services. Members of our profession are underpaid, and most of our agencies lack the data infrastructure required for rigorous assessment and evaluation. Our field may be distinct among professions for its efforts to ameliorate the toughest societal problems, experienced by society’s most vulnerable, while working from under-resourced institutions and settings. those documents other than research articles, reviews and conference papers.Social work addresses some of the most complex and intractable human and social problems: poverty, mental illness, addiction, homelessness, and child abuse. Not every article in a journal is considered primary research and therefore "citable", this chart shows the ratio of a journal's articles including substantial research (research articles, conference papers and reviews) in three year windows vs. journal self-citations removed) received by a journal's published documents during the three previous years.Įxternal citations are calculated by subtracting the number of self-citations from the total number of citations received by the journal’s documents. Journal Self-citation is defined as the number of citation from a journal citing article to articles published by the same journal.Įvolution of the number of total citation per document and external citation per document (i.e. The two years line is equivalent to journal impact factor ™ (Thomson Reuters) metric.Įvolution of the total number of citations and journal's self-citations received by a journal's published documents during the three previous years. The chart shows the evolution of the average number of times documents published in a journal in the past two, three and four years have been cited in the current year. This indicator counts the number of citations received by documents from a journal and divides them by the total number of documents published in that journal. Q1 (green) comprises the quarter of the journals with the highest values, Q2 (yellow) the second highest values, Q3 (orange) the third highest values and Q4 (red) the lowest values. The set of journals have been ranked according to their SJR and divided into four equal groups, four quartiles.
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